Motor speed control apparatus



Jan. 9, 1951 M. R. LUDWlG MOTOR SPEED CONTROL APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Ap ril 10, 1944 3m entor NEFLE ELUDW/G l n 1 v D m a 0 T rm m n E m a N I w Ir z a Rm L G m m 1 J M 47 w W m an i H u H W n: F n w 4% M h 7 (/2 H v I l y W W. W K n W .n W 9 w m g m 7 yr .W Y A J I H F 1 w M 6 v H a L 3; w a W m attorney Jan. 9, 1951 Lu jw a 2,537,902

MOTOR SPEED CONTROL APPARATUS Filed April 10, 1944 '2 Sheets-Sheet 2 flaw I .J 5 a? Zhwentor attorney Patented Jan. 9, 1951 UNITED STATES {PATENT OFFICE MOTOR SPEED CONTROL APPARATUS Merle R. Ludwig, Minneapolis,'Minn., assignor to Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company, Minneapolis, Minn., a corporation of Delaware Application April 10, 1944, Serial No. 530,421

(01. lap-15s) I 1,1

7 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in systems, or apparatus, for controlling the operation of a compressor, commonly called a supercharger, used in connection with aircraft and other engines of the internal combustion type.

In one form of supercharger, the compressor, used for supplying air under pressure to the intake manifold of the engine, is driven by a turbine powered by the exhaust gases from the engines. The speed at which such a unit runs, and

hence the compression ratio of the compressor,.is controlled by means of a valve or damper, termed the waste gate, which by-passes a variable part of the exhaust gases direct to atmosphere instead of through the turbine. Automatic control and maintenance of selected pressure in the manifold, under the widely and rapidly varying atmospheric pressures encountered in flight, are secured by adjusting the position of thiswaste gate. Such apparatus and control systems have been disclosed in prior applications, for example, the application of Hubert T. Sparrow, Serial No. 476,797, filed February 22nd, 1943, now Patent No. 2,477,668, issued August 2, 1949.

The present invention has more particular reference to control of the speed at which the turbine and compnssor operate. At the higher alvalue.

It is the primary object of this invention, therefore, to provide a control system, or apparatus, for preventing overspeeding of the turbins and compressor and ,to limit the rate of change of acceleration thereof to a safe value under all circumstances.

Another object is to provide meansfor this purpose which is entirely automatic in operation and which will override the pressure control system when it calls for an increase in pressure and resulting increase in speed of the turbine and compressor, when such speed increase would carry it above the safe value, or cause too rapid a rate of change of acceleration.

Another object isto provide a system of this character which employs. as the main control means an electromechanical, dynamometer type of unit which sets up a rotating magnetic field, the speed of which is indicative of the speed of operation ofthe turbine and compressor, and

which utilizes changes in speed of such rotation of the field to limit both, the speed and rate of change of acceleration of turbine and compressor.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be made apparent in the course of the following specification, reference being made therein to the accompanying drawings wherein:

Figure l is a diagrammatical illustration of an intake manifold pressure control system embodying the control system and method of controlling the turbine and compressor speed which form the subject of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a sectional view o f the control unit or apparatus illustrated diagrammatically in Figure .1. 20

' Figure 3 is'an end view thereof. t Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 4-4 in Figure 2.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, there is shown in Figure l, in schematical form, an engine l0 of the internal combustion type and which may be used in an aircraft. ,Air

. for combustion is supplied to'the engine through an intake ll; commonlylocatedwhere air is forced into it by reason of the forward movement of the aircraft, a compressor or supercharger I2, a conduit 13, an after-cooler l4, aconduit l5, a carburetor I6, a conduit I! in which a throttle *l8-is located,- adirectdrivencompressor [9, a

conduit- 20, and into an intake manifold ZI-and thence into the engine.

The compressor [3 is'driven by the engine, as

indicated at- 22, and is commonly arranged with-. in or as a part of the intake manifold to not only compress the mixture of air and fuel received from the carburetor but toaid in evenly distributing the-mixture to all cylinders of the engine. For convenience in illustration these parts, as 'well as others, are shown as separated and connected by the various conduits described. EXhaust gases from the engine are delivered from an exhaust manifold 23 and may either flow direct to atmosphere through a by-pass duct .24,

or may flow" through conduit25 to a turbine 26 from which they-escape to atmosphere through an outletZ'l. The turbine 26 is connected by a .shaft '28 to the compressor I2 and when this shaft is rotated by the turbine the compressor is operated to draw in air and deliver it under pressure to the induction system of the engine.

A valve .'or damper 29, commonly .called the and the engine.

the compressor passes in heat exchanging relation to fresh air passing through the after-cooler I and with suitable control (not here shown) Over. the extent of such cooling employed.

trical network 55, and a conductor 56 back to input terminal 49.

The first electrical network 5| comprises a transformer secondary winding 51 across the terminals of which is connected a slidewire resistance 58 through conductors 59 and 6G. The aforesaid conductor 53 is connected to a slider 6| which is movable along the resistance 58 by a knob 62 and which cooperates with said resistance to form a control point adjuster designated generally by reference numeral 63.

Another slidewire resistance 64 is connected by one terminal through a conductor 65 to the lower In the carburetor [6 fuel from a supply not shown in the drawing is mixed with the air from the compressor i2 and is delivered under control of the throttle 8 to; ithecompressor l3 by a hand control 30.

The waste gate 29 is positioned by means of 'amotor :31 through a gear train 32. The mo- .stor 3| is of the split phase, reversible type, having a pair of field windings 33 and-34 which are i spaced ninety electrical degrees apart, and an 7 The field winding 33 is energized 1 armature 35. .by a secondary winding 36 of a transformer31 having a primary winding .38 connected to a "suitable alternatingcurrent source, and the energ-izing circuit may be traced from one terminal f secondary winding 36 through a conductor-' '39, a condenser 46, field winding 33 and a conductor ll back to the other terminal of the secondary winding.

The other field winding 34 is energized by and under control of an amplifier 42 to which the winding is connected by a pair of "conductors '43--44. The amplifier 42 may be supplied with electrical energy by another secondary winding 45 on the transformer 31 to which the amplifier is connected by conductors 464'I.

' The amplifier 42 has a pair of signal input terminals 48-49 and supplies the motor field winding 34 with an alternating currentthe phase angle of which depends upon the phase offan {alternatin current si nal applied tosaid input terminals; Any amplifier of suitable characterjjistics may be used, but I prefer to employ one of I. the type shown in Figure '1 ofthe copending application of Albert P. Upton Serial No. 437,561, j filed April 3, 1942, now Patent No. 2,423,534, issued July 8, 1947.

- It will be evident that if the phase f the alter- Inating' current signal applied toterminals 48 "and 49 is reversed, the current supplied .to the motor fieldwinding 34 may thus lead or lag the [current in winding 33 by ninety electrical degrees, due to the condenser Land the direction .of motor rotationwill depend on whether such current leads or lag-s the current continuously. sujpplied-to the motor by transformer secondary uwinding 36. ,of the phase of the signal applied across the am- This, as noted above, is a function plifier inputterminals 48-459 and it will thus be {seen that the direction and vduration of the moterminal of the secondary winding 51 and its opposite terminal is connected by a conductor 66 to a center tap on winding 51. A manually adjustable slider 61 cooperates with the resistance The throttle may be positioned tor rotation may be controlled by the exciting signal. v

The signal applied to theamplifier input ter- -minals 48-49 is determinedby electrical conditions in a compound network composed of three.

separate electrical networks connected in series. -The signal circuit maybe traced from the input terminal .48 througha conductor 50, a firstelectrical network 5|, a conductor .52, a second elec- .trical network 53, a conductor .54, a third .elee-aa .thereto bya link 1e.

i' acceleration compensating controller 84.

64 and together therewith forms a calibrating potentiometer designated generally at 68. The center tap on the secondary winding 51 is also connected as shown by a conductor 69 to the center of slidewire resistance 58 and this connection of the network reduces the impedance between the respective sliders BI and L6! but does not otherwise afiect the operation.

'Thesecond electrical network 53 likewise com- -prises a transformer secondary winding 15 across the terminals of which is connected a slidewire resistance 7H by means of conductors 12 and '13.

A slider T4 cooperates with the resistance H and together therewith forms a main pressure con- ':tro1ler l5.

'ers G1 and. The slider 14 is positioned in ac- The conductor 52 connects the :slidcordance with the pressureat the intake manifold :21 of'the engine, or at the carburetor l6 if dew'sirecl. For this purpose a pressure take-oil duct J is led, from the engine toa bellows ll. A-sec- -.ond cornpensating bellows l8 isevacuated so that its expansion and contraction depends wholly upon atmospheric pressure. The two bellows 1;! and T8 are supported with their ireeends at opposite sides of the slider 14 and are connected The arrangement as shown is such that the slider 14 will move to the right "along resistance II when the pressure in the duct "16 decreases, and vice versa. Since both bellows -are exposed to atmospheric pressure, the effect ilof atmospheric pressure will be cancelled out.

A second slidewire resistance is also connected across the terminals of the secondary "winding 10, by'means of conductors 8| and 82 1 and a.slider. 83 connected to conductor 54 cooperates with this resistance.

The resistance 80 and slider 83 together form a rate of change of This controller is operated in accordance with the rate -'-of change of acceleration of the turbine 26 and compressor- [2 by means later to be described. It

may be noted at this point, however, that the slider93 remains at the position shown, upon a *contact 85'forming a part of the resistance 80, so

longas the rate of change ,of acceleration of the iturbine and compressor does not exceed a safe value, the contact 85 forming adead spot and preventing any effect on the system from minor :changes inthe rate of acceleration of the turbine.

When the rate of change of acceleration exceeds a safevalue the slider 83 sweeps to the right .e-along the resistance 80.

:a' transformer secondary winding 85 and this 'f-winding, along with the other secondary windings The third electrical network 55 also includes 51 and TB may be arranged on the transformer 3'ipreviously described. While it has beendeemed flalpreferable from the standpoint of clarity of illus- .secondary winding 86.

ous locations close to the apparatus energized by them, the primary winding 38 has been illustrated in connection with each secondary winding to indicate that the secondary windings are all associated with transformer 31.

A slidewire resistance 8! is connected at one end by a conductor 88 to one end terminal of the secondary winding 86 and is connected at its other end by a conductor 89 to a tap 90 at an intermediate point on the winding 86.- A slider 9| cooperates with the resistance 87 and is con- 3 nected to conductor 54, this slider and resistance together forming an overspeed compensating controller designated generally at 92. This controller is adjusted in accordance with the speed of the turbine 26 and compressor I2 bymeans later to be described in detail and the position of the slider 9| along the resistance 8! is indicative ;of.this speed. As long as the speed does 'notexto thetap 80 on the secondary winding 86 and the other terminal of the resistance is connected by a conductor 95 to the other terminal of the The resistance 93 and slider 94 form a follow-up potentiometer 9i and .the slider 94 is positioned by the motor 3|, through a connection to the gear train 32, concurrently with the movement of the. waste gate 29.

Operation of Figure 1 In operation it will be evident that the signal tration to show the secondary windings at varipotential applied across the input terminals 48 and 49 of the amplifier 42 will be the algebraic sum of the potentials produced in the three net- Works 5|, 53 and 55.

tential the conductor 59 is shown as grounded at 98.

Considering now the first network 5 it will be evident that as here shown the slider 6| is above the center of the resistance 58 and hence it is at a positive potential with respect thereto. The

slider 61 being at a center point along the resistance 64 is at a negative potential withrespect to the center of resistance 58, and the center tap of the winding 51. The network 5| thus introduces into the series circuit to the amplifier a potential such that the conductor 52 is negative with respect to the grounded conductor 59.

In the second network 53 with the sliders l4 and 83 in the positions shown, a potential is introduced into the circuit which is equal to the potential of slider M with respect to the left-hand terminal of secondary winding it]. This potential is of such polarity that the slider 83, and conductor 55, are positive with respect to slider 14. The potential of the slider 83 with respect to ground depends upon the relative magnitudes of the opposing potentials introduced by the networks 5| and 53. For purposes of this description it may be assumed that the positive potential introduced by network 53 is slightly greater than the negative potential introduced by network El.

The conductor 5 is thus slightly positive with respect to grounded conductor 50.

Turning now to the third network 55, it will be evident that with slider 5| at the extreme right or negative end of the resistance 8'! the conductor 89 leading to tap 95 on the secondary winding 86 is at the same potential as the conductor 54. The left terminal or the resistance 93 is of course positive with respect to the right. With the slider 54 at center of the resistance 93, the potential introduced into the series circuit is the potential between the slider 94 and the left terminal of the resistance 93. This network 55 thus introduces a, negative potential into the circuit and under balanced conditions this negative potential will have the same magnitude as the positive potential produced by networks 5| and 53. These equal potentials oppose each other and the conductor 56 is thus atthe same potential as grounded conductor Fill so that no signal is'applied to the amplifier 52. No current is then applied to the motor field winding 34 which can rotate the motor, and the waste gate 29 remains at rest while the compound network is balanced.

With the parts in the positions shown and described, an increase in pressure in the induction system of the engine will operate the bellows ll to move the slider 14 to the left along the resistance l Immediately this reduces the magnitude of the positive potential introduced by the network 53 and it becomes less than the sum of the negative potentials produced by the networks 5| and 55. The amplifier input terminal 49 now becomes negative with respect. to the terminal 43, a signal potential is applied to the amplifier 42 and it responds by applying a current to the motor field winding 34 causing the motor 3| to rotate. The connections and constants of the system are so selected that a signal potential of this polarity or phase will cause the motor to run in the proper direction to move the waste gate 25 toward open position. At the same time the operation of the motor moves the slider 94 toward the left along the resistance 93.

The opening of the waste gate 29: reduces the pressure diiferential across the turbine 26 causing it to run at lower speed and lowering the compression ratio of the compressor 52 thereby reducing the pressure of the air supplied to the engine. At the same time the movement of the slider 94 to the left reduces the balancing potential introduced in the compound network. This movement of the slider 94 and of the waste gate 29 continues until the positivepotential introduced by the controller i5 is exactly balanced by the sum of the potential introduced by the network 5| and the balancing potential introduced by the follow-up potentiometer 9'1, whereupon the motor 3| stops. 7

In a similar manner, a decrease in pressure at the manifold 25 causes the movement of the slider "M toward the right along resistance 5!. This introduces a potential such that amplifier input 49 becomes positive with respect to grounded terminal 48. A signal potential is again applied to the amplifier but of opposite polarity or phase causing the motor 3| to run in the opposite direc- A tion to close the waste gate at and build up the the motor when the pressure returns to a more nearly normal value.

The effect of the network 5| will nextbe race -cos 7 considered. With allother sliders in the compound network remaining in the positions shown,

the. movement of the slider 6i upwardly along the resistance will introduce a potential such as to make amplifier input terminal d9 negative with respect to the terminal t8 thereby causing an opening movement of the waste gate and a decrease in the manifold pressure. On the other hand, a. downward movement of slider 6| from the position shown will make the terminal 35 positive with respect to terminal 48, causing the waste gate to run toward closed position and increasing the discharge pressure of the compressor. In. each case the follow-up potentiometer slider 94 will. be moved concurrently with the movement of the waste gate to rebalance the system.

It is connection with the rate of change of acceleration compensating controller and the ove'rspeed compensating controller 92 that the present invention is concerned. Their eiiect on the operation of the system will be described at this point.

When the slider 03 is moved to the right, as will change their acceleration. at too great a. rate, there is introduced. into the compound network a potential such that the input terminal of the amplifier Q2 becomes increasingly negative with respect to input terminal As previously described, a signal potential of this polarity; or phase, causes the waste gate to run toward open position. Thus the excess rate of change of accelcration will be overcome and counteracted by an opening movement of the waste gate which, of course, reduces the speed at which turbine and compressor operate. A rebalancing movement of the slider 94 will also occur.

When the slider 9i is moved to the left along resistance 8?, as it will be when the speed of the turbine and compressor exceeds a safe value, a potential will be introduced into the compound network such that the amplifier input terminal 49 becomes instantaneously negative with re speot to terminal 48.

the speed of the turbine and compressor.

Figures 2, 3 and 4 Fundamentally the device shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4 comprises a means operated by the turbine or compressor, and establishing a rotating magnetic field, the speed and rate of acceleration change of which are indicative of the corresponding factors in the operation of the turbine and.

compressor. Means are provided then for utilizing this rotating magnetic field for adjusting or positioning the rate of change of acceleration compensating controller 84 and the overspeed compensating controller 92 to control the waste gate 20 as has been described.

As here shown, this device or apparatus comrises a shaft Hi which is operatively connected as indicated in Figure 1 by the gears I01 to the shaft 20, or is otherwise so arranged that the ,may be a part or any suitable housing (not occur when the turbine and. compr ssor- This will of course cause the waste gate to be opened at once to reduce shown) enclosing and. supporting the various parts.

Supported on the shaft I04 to be rotated thereby is a permanent magnet I01 which rotateswithin a shorted winding represented generally at L00. This winding is carried by a rotatable, or oscillatable, annular member or frame I09 which as .here shown is journaled by ,means of an antiiriction bearing II'0 upon the shaft I04 to turn freely with respect thereto. The member I09 is biased to normally move in a direction opposite to that at which the magnet I01 rotates, by means of a: coil. spring III which is attached at H3 at one end to the member I09 and at its other end is connected at II2 to a rigid part of the frame carrying. the bearings [06, or to any other suitable anchor point. l

A gear segment H4 is connected to the mem ber M9 to move therewith and at one endmay engage a stop H5 supported in its path and against. which stop it will normally rest under influence of the spring III. 1

As the magnet I01 rotates, a rotating magnetic field is set up which generates a current in the shorted winding I08. This effect tends to rotate the winding I00, and of course the member I09, along. with the magnet, the extent of the pull upon the winding depending upon the speed at which magnet I01 rotates, and the magnitude of the current thus generated in the winding. The rotating tendency of the winding I00 and member I091 is. opposed by the tension of the spring I I I but, when the speed of rotation of the magnet I01 increases above a certain point, the pull upon the Winding will be such as to overcome the tension of the spring. The winding and member I09 will then oscillate in the direction indicated by the arrows in Figure 3 causing an angular displacement of the member I09. The extent of such angular displacement will depend upon the speed of rotation of the magnet I01 and hence reflects exactly the increase in speed of the turbine 26 and compressor I2. As the speed decreases, the spring III will return the parts toward initial or starting positions. This device is thus seen to act on the dynamometer principle.

The angular displacement of the member I109 as a function of the speed of the turbine and compressor is utilized as an overspeed control by attaching the resistance 81 of the overspeed com pensating controller 92 to the member as shown in the drawings. For this purpose the resistance 61 may be supported upon an insulating segment I I6 secured to the member I09 while the slider 9| oi the controller 92 is supported rigidly, as represented at II'I, adjacent the member I09 to travel over'the resistance. It will be evident that the oscillating movement of the member I09, when the speed of rotation of the turbine and compressor approach an unsafe value, will move the resistance 8'! past the slider 9I to have the same effect as shifting this slider to the left along the resistance. As has previously been described this action immediately introduces a. potential into the compound. network. such that a signal is applied to the amplifier 42 to cause the waste gate 29 to open and reduce the speed.

When. the parts are at rest the slider 9| is at the end of the resistance 87 as shown in Figure 3.

The angular displacement or oscillatory move- ,ment of the member N19 is also used to operate the shaft I05. For such purpose a pinion H8 is aflixed to this shaft I05 and is placed in mesh with thegear segment II4 so that the shaftwill be oscillated about its axis when the member: I09 moves as described. An inertia member or; mass H9 in the form ofa circular disk, is sup--- ported by means of an anti-frictionbearing I20 upon the shaft I05 and. alight spiral coil spring [2! is connected at one en'dat I22 to this mem ber H9 and at its other end is attached to the shaft as shown at I23. The spring i2]v exerts-a light tension on the member H9 such as to tend to normally rotate it with respect to the shaft- I05, as will be understood. The resistance ;8IJ,,:of'-; the acceleration change compensating controller- 84, previously described, is applied to and; carried on. the inertia member H9. by meansof a suitable: insulating member I24, while the slider 83-1forr cooperating with the resistance 80 is carried by; a suitable insulatingattachment knob I25... set-1:, cured to the end of the shaft I05. In operation, then, as the shaft I05 isturned.

at an increasing rate by the aforesaid angular 24) displacement motion of the member liis'by an increase in the acceleration of the turbine and.- compressor, the inertia of the member H9 will cause it to lag initially so that it has an'angulardisplacement with respect to the shaft. This-25 action results in a shifting between the slider83 and resistance 88 such that the slidermoves ofi the dead-spot contact to the right along; the. resistance. As has been described, th result of; such movement introduces a, potential into'fithe'gq compound network such that a signal is applied. to the amplifier 42 of" a phase relation such as: to cause the waste gate 29 to move'toward open. position. It will be evident therefore that,.if the rate of movement of the member Hi9 carrying v the shorted winding I08, responsive to an increase in speed of the turbine and compressor, changes rapidly enough to cause the inertia member HS to substantially lag the resulting movement of the shaft I95, then the waste gate will be moved 40 toward open position to counteract the tendency toward excessive change in acceleration of the turbine.. and compressor, of which such movef ment of the members use and dis indicative. Inasmuch as the. tendency. toward an excessive 4.3, change in acceleration'such as tointerf'ere with operation of the control system or to have a dele eterious effect On the turbine and compressor, will normally occur only near the higher; operlating speed of these parts the foregoing-effect 501 will be complemented by an opening movement of the waste gate in response to an overspe'ed indication. The sum of such effects willobviously offer complete protection against both over speeding and an excessive rate of change .of .an celeration. 5

My invention is thus seen to reside in a'system and apparatus for creating a rotating magnetic field, the velocity and rate of change in a'c'celeration of. which is directly indicative of the core0 responding functioning of the turbine anducom pressor, and utilizing the resulting current generated in a shortedwinding influenced by the magnetic field to control the operation of the turbine and compressor.

While I have shown and described a certain preferred embodiment of my invention, it willbe readily understood that modifications thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and I therefore wish to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In combination with a motor means, control apparatus for controlling theyspeedand acceleration of said motor means, said apparatus comatively movable masneticzand conductive members; a connection between saidgmotor means and 1 afirst of: said members; to cause movement of said? firstmemberata speed dependent upon that of? said motor means and byreason of the electrodys; namic action betweensaid members to tend to;

cause movement of the second of said members,

said second member being yieldably biased to apredetermined position so that the extent of its movement, upon the speed of the first member. reaching. a predetermined "value, is dependentu po'n'thespeedof said first member, a firstir'n-r pedance device in said network adjusted. in a cordance with the extent of movement .ofisaid'i second member and a second impedance in said: network adjusted in acc.. rdance with therate of: acceleration of said second member.

'2L'In combination with a motor means,'control apparatus for'controlling the speed and ace celeration of said motor means, said apparatus.-

comprising means including a balariceable impede.- .ance'" network for controlling saidmotor means in: accordance 'with the unbalance of said network;

relatively movable magnetic andconductivemem'e.

bers, a connection between. said motor means and a first of said members to cause movement off said first member at a speed dependentiuponthati of saidv motor means a'nd'by reason of the electrod-yn'amic action between said members to tendto-cause" movement of the second of said. members,1said second member being yieldably. biased" to a predetermined position so that the extent of its movement, upon said first member: reaching a predetermined speed, is dependent" upon the speed of said first member, a first im-- pedance'device in said network adjusted in accordance with the extent of movement of said second member, asecond impedance device'in; said bridge, two relatively movable elements as-.

sociated with said second impedance device and effective upon relative movement thereof 'to cause adjustment of said second device, and means connecting one. of said elements positively to said.

secondme'mber and the other of said elements yieldably to said second membersothat the relae;

tivemovement of'said members isv'dep'endent upon-- therate of accele'rationof said second member;

3; In combination with motor means, control apparatus for controlling the speed and accel.-'

erationof said motor means, said apparatus com-s. prising means including a balanceable:impedancet' network for controlling said motor meansinac cordance with the direction of unbalance of said network, a magnetic member operatively connected to said motor means and rotatable thereby at' 'a' speed dependent upon that of said motor means, a second member having a winding 111-..

ductively associated with Said magnetic mem ber, saidsecon'd "member-being resiliently biased torestrict movement thereof, a'first impedance' in said network, means including'said "second" member tor adjustingsaid firstv impedance in? accordance with the speed of rotation of said magnetic member upon said speed reaching a predetermined value, and a second impedance in said network adjusted in accordance with the rate of change of adjustment of said first impedance.

4. In a governor for detecting excessive velocity and a rate of acceleration, relatively, movable members one" of which produces a magnetic field and the'other of which includes at least one turn 11* of electrically conductive: material, means for connecting a firstof said members to amovable element the velocity and rate of acceleration of which itis desired to detect, said connection acting tocause' movemento'i 'said' first member and."

tendingrby reason of the electrodynamic action between said members to cause movement. of the second of said membersineans. for. yi'eldingly opposing" the. movement of saidsecond'. member so."

' in. acceleration, relatively movable members one of which produces a magnetic field and the other. ofwhich includes at least one turn ofelectrically conductivematerial,means for connecting a first ofzjsaidzmembers to-amovable element the change ofv accelerationof which it. is desired. to detect, said connection acting to cause movement of said first member and tending. by reason of the elec.- trodynamic action between-saidmembers to cause movement of the secondiof: said members, means for yieldingly opposing; the: movement or said; second member so that the extent o such. move" ment; upon said first member reaching a. prede termined speed, is, dependent uponthe speedof said. first member, a control device; said control:

device having two'relatively movable elements associated therewith:and beingeffective to change:

itscontrolling effect upon relative -movement'of" said elements, one'of said. elements having a relatively large moment. of inertia, and means connectingsaid' one element by a resilient connector to said, second member and the other element: positivelyto said secondmember sothat the relativamovem'entot said elements is dependent upon the'acceleration. of said: secondrmember.

' 61in. a governor tor detecting; excessive: ve-- locity and change macceleration, relatively mov= ableim'embers one. of. which produces. a magnetic.

fieldandtheotherot'which includes at leastf'oneturn of. electrically; conductive material, means l for: connecting-a first. 0t saidmembers' to a movable: element the. velocity and: rate of: change of acceleration. of which it is desired to detect, said connection acting tov cause movement. ofiisaid first-.member. and tending by'reasonv of the elec* trodynamic action between saidmembers to cause movement of the secondof, said members, said second member beingv yie-ldably biased to a;.predetermined position so thatthe extent of movement of said second member, upon the speed of. said first member reachinga predetermined value, is dependent upon the speed of said first mem.-- her, a: first control device operatively connected tosaidsecond member and operated upon moves ment of said second. member, a secondz'control device, saidv second control device having, two

relatively movable elements associated. therewith;

and being: effective to: change its controlling. ef-

fect upon; relative: movement of said elements;

one of said elements. having a relatively large moment of inertia, and. means connecting said one element by a: resilient connector to said second member: and the other element positively to said secondlmemb'er so that the relative movement ot said: elements is dependent upon the. rate of acceleration of said secondmember.

7. In combination with a motor means, con-' trol apparatus: tor controlling the speed and acceleration of. said motor means, said apparatus:- comprising; means including. a; balanceable intpedanc'e network for controlling said motor" means in accordance? with the unbalanceof said.

network; relatively moveable magnetic and conductive members, a connection between said motor'means. and a first or said members to cause movement of said first member at a speed de.-

pendent upon that of said motor means and by reasonof .the electrodynamic action between saidmembers to tend to cause movement of the sec:

0nd of said members upon the speed of the first:

member exceeding a predetermined amount, bi-

asinglmeans acting upon said second member tot resiliently restrict the movement thereof, a first; impedance. device in said network adjusted in' accordance with. theextent of movement. orsaid second member. and asecond impedance. device" inisaid'. network'adjusted in accordance withthe rate of acceleration. of saidv second member.

MERLE R. LUDWIG;

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the Number Name Date 1,557,793. Berger et a1 1. Oct. 20, 1925 1,562,666. Toth Nov. 24, 1925 1,586,233. Anschutz-Kaempie May 25, 1926' 1 ,610,628 staege' Dec. 14 1926 1,709,689 Sta'ege Apr. 16, 1929 1,718,935 Alden. s s .-l JulyZ, 1929 1,777,458 Allen Oct. 7, 1930 1,807,173. Ray H- May 26, 1931 1,947,602 Kerr Feb. 20; 1934 1,989,547 Clark 1 M Jan. 29, 1935. 2;015,861 Mitereff -uuwww--. Oct. 1, 1935 2,225,206 casselsfiwnsnma- Dec. 17, 1940 2,237,118 Schwendner Apr. 1, 1941. 2,247,151 Clarke June 24, 1941 2,347,613 Rodanet' Apr. 25, 1944" 2,376,142 Hoffman et'al H May 15, 1945'v 2,376,143- Edwards et a1 May 15, 1945"- 2,390,581: Gille Dec. 11, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date Great Britain 1., Jan. 28,1938

Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,537,902 January 9, 1951 MERLE R. LUDWIG It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 10, line 42, for the Word bridge read network;

and that the said Letters Patent should be read as corrected above, so that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 15th day of May, A. D. 1951.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Commissioner of Patents.

Certificate of Correction Patent N 0. 2,587,902 January '9, 1951 MERLE R. LUDWIG It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 10, line 42, for the Word bridge read network;

and that the said Letters Patent should be read as corrected above, so that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 15th day of May, A. D. 1951.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Oommz'ssz'oner of Patents. 

